The world is facing a pressing health crisis with the ongoing mpox outbreak in central Africa, exacerbated by a lack of global attention and resources. After the alarming global surge of mpox during 2022-23, which impacted over 100 countries, the focus on this disease has been reignited, yet vital gaps in responses remain.

What Is Mpox and How Is It Spreading?

Mpox, scientifically known as mpox clade IIb, spreads through close physical contact, with recent findings revealing its presence in sexual fluids, making it sexually transmissible. While the 2022 outbreak had a low overall mortality rate of 0.1%, those with weakened immune systems, such as individuals with advanced HIV, faced a mortality risk as high as 15%.

The Fight Against Mpox: Lessons Learned

To combat the spread, health agencies effectively collaborated with at-risk groups, primarily sexually active men who have sex with men. Key strategies included spreading awareness of symptoms, promoting self-protection, and facilitating vaccinations. However, as the virus evolves, notably with the emergence of clade I, the fight is far from over.

Clade I: A New Challenge

In 2023, clade I caused over 14,000 cases and 650 deaths, largely affecting children under 15 and their caregivers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The mortality for this strain ranges from 3% to 10%, depending on healthcare access. Alarmingly, while cases were rising in Africa, the global response did not match the urgency seen during outbreaks in wealthier nations.

The Vaccine Gap: A Cry for Help

The Jynneos and Imvanex vaccines, crucial for managing outbreaks in the West, remain unavailable in Africa. Priced at around $100 per dose, they are beyond the reach of many in low- and middle-income countries. Philanthropic donations have not filled the gap adequately, leading to unmet vaccine needs during critical times.

The Situation in 2024: Escalating Concerns

As of 2024, the situation has spiraled further with 16,000 new cases reported, predominantly in the Kivu area bordering multiple countries. The emergence of a new sub-variant, clade Ib, raises the stakes, as this strain has already been detected in Europe via returning travelers.

What Does This Mean for You?

While the risk to the general population in wealthier countries remains low, travelers to affected regions face potential exposure. Timely vaccination post-exposure can significantly reduce infection severity. Symptoms include skin lesions resembling blisters and ulcers, underscoring the need for awareness.

A Path Forward: What Needs to Happen?

To halt the outbreak, affected nations require access to free diagnostic tests, enhanced laboratory capabilities, and most crucially, equitable vaccine distribution. The World Health Organization's declaration of a public health emergency could pave the way for coordinated international support and rapid vaccine distribution.

Equipping these countries with the necessary tools can dramatically increase the chance of stopping the outbreak. The world must take responsibility and act decisively to ensure that no one is left behind in this ongoing battle against mpox.