Introduction

In a significant public health triumph, Ethiopia eliminated leprosy as a public health problem back in 1999, after dedicated efforts over four decades. However, the battle is far from over. The nation continues to report approximately 3,000 new leprosy cases each year, revealing that the disease remains a serious concern.

Current Challenges

Ethiopia's success in reducing leprosy prevalence has been overshadowed by persistent challenges, including low community awareness, fear of stigma, and insufficient active case finding. Remarkably, about 10% of new cases diagnosed in 2023 already presented with grade 2 disabilities, often associated with visible deformities and severe visual impairment.

Collaboration with WHO

In collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and other partners, Ethiopia is ramping up efforts to meet the ambitious goal of eradicating leprosy by 2030. Since 2021, health authorities have been actively seeking out cases in 142 leprosy-endemic areas, facilitating earlier diagnosis and treatment while launching increased community awareness campaigns.

Case Study: Shambel Endashaw

Take Shambel Endashaw, for instance. Suffering from numbness and a terrible burning sensation, he initially sought treatment locally, only to find no improvement. After persistent encouragement from a friend, he finally visited the ALERT Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, a facility specifically aimed at diagnosing and treating leprosy. "Before coming here, I never thought I could get cured," Shambel admits, illustrating the gap in understanding about leprosy and its treatment options.

The Role of ALERT Hospital

ALERT hospital shines a beacon of hope in leprosy care, successfully treating around 30% of new cases in 2023. WHO's contribution of essential leprosy treatments—administered without charge—has been crucial in this effort. Dr. Shimelis Nigussie, a consultant dermatologist with over 15 years of experience at ALERT, emphasizes the importance of a collaborative approach with government and the WHO to provide effective treatment plans.

Outreach Programs

Outreach programs further extend the hospital's impact, as experts travel to five other referral centers to provide ongoing technical support. Meanwhile, the Ethiopian National Association of Persons Living with Leprosy (ENAPAL) has emerged as a vital force in fighting leprosy and reducing stigma. By broadcasting awareness campaigns through radio and television and conducting door-to-door outreach, ENAPAL aims to dismantle misconceptions and educate communities about leprosy.

The Importance of Awareness

"Raising awareness is critical during case-finding campaigns. Discrimination against leprosy patients can ultimately hinder our efforts," says Abiy Abata, ENAPAL's managing director. The WHO has bolstered this effort, offering financial and technical support to ensure that strategies not only focus on treating the disease but also tackle the stigma surrounding it.

Impact of Stigma

Yohei Sasakawa, WHO Goodwill Ambassador for Leprosy Elimination, rightly warns of the repercussions of this stigma: "Many patients delay seeking treatment out of fear, losing precious time and risking severe disabilities that could have been avoided." This highlights the necessity for an active case-finding approach to ensure timely and effective treatment.

Positive Outcomes

The program appears to be yielding positive results: a recent report indicated an almost 7% decrease in new cases from 2022 to 2023, with an impressive 32% drop in new child cases and a 25% fall in severe disabilities. Success stories like that of Amare Degene, who found healing at ALERT, underscore the transformative impact of dedicated care and support for former leprosy patients. ENAPAL even helped him establish a small business, illustrating the potential for re-integration into society, despite the challenges faced.

Conclusion

As Ethiopia continues its battle against leprosy, the road ahead may be fraught with challenges, but the progress made is undeniable. With focused strategies in place, the vision of a leprosy-free Ethiopia by 2030 is not just a dream; it’s a growing reality. Can Ethiopia eliminate leprosy completely in the coming years? The world is watching closely.