SINGAPORE – A National Heatwave Response Plan

Recently, Singapore has unveiled a national heatwave response plan that signals a major step forward in confronting the extreme heat the nation will increasingly face. As temperatures continue to rise globally, this proactive approach aims to safeguard the health and well-being of all citizens.

Key Features of the Initiative

Set forth on March 19, the initiative includes the establishment of cooling centers across the island that will open ahead of anticipated heatwaves, offering residents a refuge from soaring temperatures. The plan further delineates a coordinated national strategy for various sectors to adapt during these sweltering periods. For instance, elder care facilities will pause outdoor activities during peak heat hours, while educational institutions may transition to home-based learning to mitigate risks for students.

The Importance of Preparation

While this new plan is crucial for raising awareness, experts argue that preparation should extend beyond its implementation. Residents can take steps now to acclimatize to elevated temperatures and boost resilience. Regular exercise, such as walking or swimming, can enhance the body’s tolerance to heat, allowing individuals to better cope as temperatures increase.

Protecting Vulnerable Communities

Particular attention should be paid to the most vulnerable among us, especially during the hottest months from March to May. Local community representatives could be trained to recognize signs of heat exhaustion and offer assistance as needed.

Defining a Heatwave in Singapore

In Singapore, a heatwave is defined by daily temperatures exceeding 35 degrees Celsius over three consecutive days, alongside a mean temperature of at least 29 degrees Celsius. Despite experiencing only six case occurrences of such heatwaves on record — the last in 2016 — the threat remains formidable. High humidity complicates matters, making even modest temperatures feel sweltering as sweat evaporates less efficiently.

The Rising Risks

Typically, mercury readings soar above 34 degrees Celsius multiple times during the March-May heat season. Consequently, the risk of heat-related injuries intensifies, particularly for outdoor workers engaged in strenuous activities. However, Singaporeans often find relief in air-conditioned venues, which may foster a mistaken belief that they are unaffected by rising temperatures.

Perception of Heat Risks

A recent study conducted by Dr. Joshua Sim, a senior research fellow focused on heat and health at the National University of Singapore, revealed that many residents do not view heat as a pressing threat, especially compared to individuals living in less developed regions. While comfort measures like air conditioning can alleviate discomfort, they mask the broader issue of climate change.

Long-Term Climate Concerns

The situation may worsen with ongoing increases in global greenhouse gas emissions. In 2024, Singapore recorded one of the warmest years on record, matching high temperatures from 2016 and 2019. Rising temperatures are projected to become increasingly frequent; by 2050, it’s estimated that between 47 and 189 days a year could see temperatures surpassing 35 degrees Celsius.

Addressing Immediate and Long-Term Challenges

In addition to exploring immediate responses to heatwaves, efforts are underway to address long-term climate concerns. Initiatives include mandatory regulations for outdoor workers—such as hourly breaks when temperatures soar—and a recent national heat stress advisory aimed at outdoor enthusiasts.

Learning from Regional Neighbors

With climate change acquiescing the urban heat island effect, Singapore could soon find itself grappling with heat-related challenges similar to other Southeast Asian nations, which have experienced extreme heat waves resulting in tragic fatalities. For instance, in early 2024, Malaysia reported 45 cases of heat-related illnesses and two fatalities, while Thailand suffered 61 heatstroke-related deaths by May.

Community Resilience

Looking ahead, it is crucial for Singaporeans to cultivate resilience against the impending heat by engaging in community efforts to support one another. Neighbors should check in on the elderly and those with health issues, ensuring everyone has access to adequate cooling.

Conclusion

As Singapore approaches its hottest season, this is the time to prioritize developing robust strategies for coping with heat. The coming months will test how well the republic can adapt, not just through community initiatives and responsible policies, but through individual and collective action in the face of an escalating climate crisis.