USDA's Response to Bird Flu Outbreak

In response to the alarming rise in bird flu cases, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has announced a nationwide milk testing program aimed at safeguarding public health and the integrity of dairy products. This initiative follows a significant outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) confirmed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) earlier this year, which notably involved human infections linked to exposure to infected dairy cows.

Human Infections and Health Risks

Since April 2024, there have been 60 reported human cases of bird flu across 16 states, with outbreaks in both cattle and poultry. Although human infections from the virus have been deemed rare, health officials acknowledge the potential for increased cases and the serious complications that can arise from the infection, ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to severe respiratory issues such as pneumonia and even death.

National Milk Testing Strategy (NMTS)

To mitigate these risks, the USDA’s National Milk Testing Strategy (NMTS) mandates the collection and analysis of unpasteurized milk samples throughout the country. This proactive approach will enhance monitoring of dairy herds and the broader milk supply, providing vital data on the transmission of the virus and potential public health threats. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack emphasized the initiative's importance, reinforcing that it will foster greater confidence among farmers and farmworkers regarding the safety of their operations and the health of their animals.

State Participation and Testing Targets

States participating in the NMTS will be categorized on a five-stage scale based on the prevalence of bird flu in their respective areas. This classification will guide states in their efforts to maintain disease-free dairy production. Targets for testing will include milk silos at dairy processing plants, where infections can be more readily identified. If bird flu is detected, the USDA is prepared to implement rapid response measures, including contact tracing and control programs already in place.

Impact on Dairy Herds and Poultry

Additionally, the CDC reports that approximately 845 dairy herds have been affected by bird flu, alongside more than 122 million poultry and over 10,000 wild birds across 51 jurisdictions. Preventive strategies for the public include minimizing contact with wild and infected animals and ensuring proper cooking and handling of poultry and dairy products.

Public Health Advisory

It’s vital to note that seasonal flu vaccines do not protect against bird flu. Individuals who suspect they have been exposed to the virus are encouraged to seek medical advice for prevention or treatment options.

Ongoing Collaboration and Consumer Assurance

As the situation evolves, both the USDA and the Department of Health and Human Services will work closely together on continuous testing of retail milk and dairy products to maintain a safe food supply, reassuring consumers about the safety of pasteurized milk during these challenging times.