Introduction

In a worrying trend, doctors in Singapore are increasingly diagnosing breast cancer in young women, with cases emerging as early as their twenties. Dr. Anthony Tang, a specialist breast cancer surgeon with over two decades of experience, has observed a concerning shift in patient demographics. "I now regularly encounter patients in their thirties and even twenties presenting with advanced lumps," Dr. Tang explained. One recent example involved a woman in her thirties who approached him with a 5cm lump she had ignored for nearly two years—by then, her condition had progressed to Stage 2, nearing Stage 3.

A Surprising Increase in Cases

The rise in early onset breast cancer—defined as cancer occurring in women under 45—has caught the medical community off guard. Dr. Tang noted that one in six breast cancer cases in Singapore now involves women under 45; his youngest patient was just 22 years old. This trend is alarming, as early onset breast cancer is typically more aggressive, often manifesting as triple-negative or HER2-positive types, both notoriously difficult to treat.

Several socio-cultural factors contribute to this increase, according to Dr. Tang. Traditionally, women who had children before age 35, breastfed, and had multiple children enjoyed lower breast cancer risk. However, Singaporean women are now pushing motherhood later in life, having fewer children, and often choosing not to breastfeed. Early menstruation and genetic factors are also influencing these rising rates.

The Painless Predator

Dr. Tang highlighted a critical challenge: many young women dismiss breast lumps as benign, primarily due to a widespread belief that such conditions should be accompanied by pain or discomfort. "Breast cancer often presents no overt symptoms, causing patients to delay seeking help until it's too late," he cautioned. By the time they seek medical attention, the cancer has frequently advanced, diminishing treatment options.

To combat this issue, Dr. Tang encourages young women to be vigilant about their breast health. Regular breast self-examination should begin in their twenties to familiarize themselves with their body's normal feel. If any new lumps or unusual changes occur, they must get them checked without hesitation.

Screening and Diagnosis: What Young Women Should Do

Currently, Singapore recommends that women aged 40–49 undergo annual mammograms, regardless of symptoms. For women under 40, mammograms are not as effective due to denser breast tissue, making regular self-exams crucial. Any noticeable change should prompt a visit to a healthcare provider, as early detection substantially increases the chances of successful treatment.

Women with a family history of breast cancer should initiate screenings ten years earlier than the age at which their youngest affected relative was diagnosed. The importance of medical insurance coverage cannot be overstated, as it protects against the high costs of potentially necessary scans.

Gene Testing: A Proactive Approach

For women with a significant family history of breast cancer, genetic testing is becoming an important tool. "Testing positive for the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations can increase breast cancer risk by up to 85%," Dr. Tang explained. Women in their late twenties with a strong family history of breast cancer should consider such tests, although they should consult genetic counselors beforehand.

The option for preventative measures, such as double mastectomies, exists for those who test positive. These proactive steps can drastically reduce cancer risk, bringing it down from 85% to around 2%. Alternatively, more frequent screening can also be an option for managing risk.

Advancements in Treatment Offer Hope

Despite the rising incidence of breast cancer among younger women, significant advancements in treatment and detection techniques are improving outcomes. Early detection can often lead to simpler treatment regimes, allowing women to retain their breast tissue and avoid extensive treatments like chemotherapy.

Dr. Tang emphasized that breast cancer is no longer the death sentence it once was. With increased awareness, early detection, and improved treatment options, the prognosis for women diagnosed with breast cancer has dramatically improved, making it essential for women, regardless of age, to prioritize their breast health.

Conclusion

Let’s continue to raise awareness and promote proactive measures—young women must break the stigma and become vigilant about their breast health!